Fig. 5
Estimated historical effective population sizes (Ne) for western (red and blue) and eastern (black) gray whales. Thick lines represent the median Ne and thin light lines of the same colour represent 20 iterations of bootstrap sampling. Estimates represent averages based on 11 autosome scaffolds larger than 30 Mb. An estimated mutation rate of 4.8 × 10− 10 bp− 1 year− 1 and a mean generation time of 18.9 years were used in these PSMC’ analyses. The last glacial maximum (LGM) is indicated with a gray bar