Fig. 1

Experimental setup and timeline for adult and juvenile A.burtoni: a Experimental Setup. Challenged females (−) in red, naïve females (+) in blue, males wear a hat. Mouthbrooding females (B) carry eggs, reproducing-only females (R) are accompanied by a flask. Control females (C) are placed in between mouthbrooding and reproducing females. Smaller icons depict juveniles, color codes juvenile challenge (red: V.anguillarum, violet: T.maritinum, blue: PBS). Underlying color fit the respective statistics part: blue for cost of mouthbrooding on females (I.), red for cost of reproduction and sexual immune dimorphism (II.), violet for impact of female and juvenile challenge on mouthbred offspring (III.), green for comparison of artificially raised to mouthbred juveniles. b Timeline of the experiment. Color code, icons and roman lettering as above, controls are excluded. Letters show different time points of the experiment. A: Challenge of females, B: Introduction of males, C: Detection of brooding, split in either I. or II. D: Dissection of females from II. E: Release and challenge of juveniles, F: Dissection of females from I. and all juveniles