Taxon | Locality | Biogeographic region | Age | Size class | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hedera sp. | Pongsan, Korea | E Asia | Oligocene (39.9–23 Mya) | Macrofossil | |
Hedera cf. multinervis | Abkhazia, Georgia | W Asia | Miocene | Macrofossil (leaf) | [47] |
Hedera cf. multinervis | Vegora, Greece | E Mediterranean | Miocene | Macrofossil (leaf) | |
Hedera orbiculata | Silesia, Poland | Europe | Langhian (16.0–11.6 Mya) | Microfossil (pollen) | [41] |
Hedera cf. multinervis | Cerdanya, Spain | W Mediterranean | Tortonian (11.6–11.3 Mya) | Macrofossil (leaf) | |
Hedera sp. | Iberian Peninsula | W Mediterranean | Upper Miocene (11.7–5.3 Mya) | Microfossil (pollen) | [45] |
Hedera cf. helix | Italy | W Mediterranean | Messinian (7.2–5.3 Mya) | Macrofossil (leaf) | [49] |
Hedera sp. | NW Portugal | Europe | Pliocene (5.3–2.6 Mya) | Microfossil (pollen) | [50] |
Hedera orbiculata | Thuringia, Germany | Europe | Piacenzian (3.6–2.6 Mya) | Macrofossil | [43] |