Table 1 Zaprionus species used in this study, taxonomic classification, divergence time, geographic origin of the strains and GenBank sequence accession numbers.
| Â | Â | Â | GenBank accessions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | Divergence time [1] (MYA) | Strain origin | Gypsy | Micropia |
Genus Zaprionus | 13.8 (10.9-14.9) | Â | Â | Â |
Subgenus Anaprionus | 10.6 (7.7-12.1) | Â | Â | Â |
   Z. multistriatus | nd | Bangalore (India) | Absent | Absent |
Subgenus Zaprionus | 7.4 (6.7-9.0) | Â | Â | Â |
   Group inermis | 7.0 |  |  |  |
tuberculatus complex | 3.0 (2.9-18.0) | Â | Â | Â |
Z. tuberculatus | 1.1 (0.6-1.6) | Ithala (South Africa) | FJ710406 toFJ710408 | FJ710423 toFJ710425 |
   Group armatus | nd |  |  |  |
lachaisei complex | 0.9 (0.4-1.1) | Â | Â | Â |
Z. camerounensis | nd | Amani (Tanzania) | FJ710409 toFJ710411 | FJ710426 toFJ710428 |
davidi complex | 2.2 (1.4-2.4) | Â | Â | Â |
Z. davidi | 2.2 (1.4-2.4) | São Tomé (São Tomé e PrÃncipe) | FJ710412 toFJ710414 | FJ710429 toFJ710431 |
indianus complex | 3.1 (2.6-4.1) | Â | Â | Â |
Z. gabonicus | nd | Makokou (Gabon) | FJ710415 toFJ710417 | FJ710432 toFJ710434 |
Z. africanus | nd | Kibale (Uganda) | FJ710418 toFJ710420 | FJ710435 toFJ710437 |
Z. indianus | nd | BrasÃlia (Brazil) | FJ710421 toFJ710422 | FJ710438 toFJ710440 |