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Table 2 Effects of phylogeny, size, and ecology on whole-column morphology and individual vertebral positions

From: Adaptation and constraint in the evolution of the mammalian backbone

Vertebral Position

Phylogeny

Allometry

Ecology

Ecology2

 

K

p-val.

Rsq

p-val.

Rsq

p-val.

Rsq

p-val.

Whole Column

0.63

0.001

0.12

< 0.001

0.09

0.012

0.08

0.032

First Thoracic

0.65

0.001

0.16

< 0.001

0.07

0.112

0.07

0.174

Mid Thoracic

0.72

0.001

0.14

< 0.001

0.08

0.086

0.08

0.066

Diaphragmatic

0.54

0.001

0.10

< 0.001

0.05

0.535

0.06

0.331

Second Lumbar

0.63

0.001

0.13

< 0.001

0.11

0.006

0.08

0.051

Final Lumbar

0.66

0.001

0.10

< 0.001

0.13

0.001

0.09

0.048

  1. Phylogenetic signal was measured using the K-statistic. Allometry, ecology, and their interaction from a phylogenetic MANCOVA. Rsq R-squared value. P-val. p value, Ecology2 secondary ecology assignment used
  2. Bold values indicate significance at the 0.05 alpha level