Skip to main content

Table 1 Divergence dates (MYA) of bee hummingbirds for various nodes estimated with a Bayesian uncorrelated lognormal relaxed-clock approach using a Yule speciation tree prior as implemented in BEAST

From: The conquering of North America: dated phylogenetic and biogeographic inference of migratory behavior in bee hummingbirds

Node

 

Several-individuals

 

Single-individual

Secondary calibration + substitution rates

Secondary calibration

Substitution rates

Secondary calibration + substitution rates

PP

Mean (95% HPD)

PP

Mean (95% HPD)

PP

Mean (95% HPD)

PP

Mean (95% HPD)

Node A: Bee hummingbirds/\Mountain Gems

1.0

14.08 (15.54–12.51)

1.0

11.83 (13.79–9.85)

1.0

19.97 (24.81–15.64)

0.99

12.49 (13.58–11.37)

Node B: SA/NA bee hummingbirds

1.0

9.93 (11.94–7.92)

0.99

7.68 (9.81–5.60)

1.0

12.50 (16.04–9.11)

1.0

5.92 (6.59–5.24)

Node C: NA crown (Mex. sheartails/other)

1.0

8.03 (9.82–6.44)

0.99

6.32 (8.24–4.51)

1.0

9.56 (12.17–7.05)

1.0

4.98 (5.60–4.41)

Node D: Caribbean Sheartails/other

1.0

7.51 (9.14–5.95)

1.0

5.95 (7.83–4.27)

1.0

8.90 (11.31–6.59)

1.0

4.77 (5.36–4.23)

Node E: Calypte subclade/other

0.99

5.72 (7.20–4.31)

0.99

4.12 (5.62–2.73)

1.0

6.71 (9.08–4.87)

0.99

3.11 (3.61–2.62)

Node F: CA Selasphorus/NA Selasphorus

0.99

4.14 (5.27–3.04)

0.99

3.1 (4.29–1.97)

1.0

4.79 (9.08–4.87)

0.99

2.18 (2.61–1.80)

Node G: Mexican Sheartails crown

1.0

3.61 (5.11–2.39)

0.99

3.09 (4.66–1.70)

1.0

4.39 (6.17–2.71)

1.0

2.20 (2.76–1.69)

Node H: Caribbean sheartails crown

0.99

5.75 (7.35–4.21)

0.99

4.61 (6.21–3.13)

1.0

6.93 (9.28–4.86)

0.99

4.04 (4.61–3.44)

Node I: Calypte crown

0.99

3.09 (2.58–0.90)

0.99

2.56 (3.79–1.40)

1.0

3.46 (5.22–1.96)

0.99

2.14 (2.61–1.69)

Node J: CA Selasphorus crown

0.99

3.31 (4.42–2.29)

0.99

2.23 (3.21–1.33)

1.0

3.82 (5.12–2.57)

0.99

1.43 (1.77–1.10)

Node K: NA Selasphorus crown

0.99

3.66 (4.74–2.60)

0.99

2.64 (1.61–0.48)

1.0

4.24 (5.81–2.86)

0.99

1.16 (1.53–0.79)

Node L: South American crown

1.0

5.42 (7.04–3.81)

0.99

5.44 (7.38–3.67)

1.0

6.44 (8.72–4.32)

1.0

4.30 (4.94–3.65)

  1. Posterior probabilities (PP) given for each node; estimates are given as mean ages (in millions of years) with 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals in parentheses. The divergence time (mean 12.0 MYA, SD ± 1, range of 13.9–10.3 MYA) between mountain gems and bee hummingbirds [25] was used for temporal calibration of the root node of the tree and the mean substitution rates proposed by Lerner et al. [54] to model the tree prior. Node letters correspond to those in Figs 2– 3. NA North America, SA South America, CA Central America