Fig. 1

Responses of New World monkey (NWM) TAS1R and TAS2R4 to bitter substances. a Responses of TAS2R1s to camphor. TAS2R1s of the marmoset, capuchin monkey, owl monkey, spider monkey, and howler monkey were expressed in HEK293T cells and their responses to camphor were measured using calcium assays. Values are means with error bars representing standard deviations, which were calculated from the data obtained from at least eight experiments. b Response amplitudes of NWM TAS2R1s to 0.1 mM camphor. The owl monkey showed significant differences from any of the other species (pairwise comparisons using two-sided Welch's t-test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, **p < 0.01). Any of the other pairs do not show significant differences (p > 0.05). c Responses of TAS2R4 to colchicine. TAS2R4s of the marmoset, capuchin monkey, owl monkey, spider monkey, and howler monkey were expressed in HEK293T cells and their responses to colchicine were measured using calcium assays. Values are means with error bars representing standard deviations, which were calculated from the data obtained from at least eight experiments. d Response amplitudes of NWM TAS2R4s to 0.1 mM colchicine. The marmoset showed significant differences from any of the other species (pairwise comparisons using two-sided Welch’s t-test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction, ***p < 0.001). Any of the other pairs do not show strong differences (p > 0.001)