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Table 2 Results of nested univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVA) examining life-history and body shape variation of Gambusia spp. from four different clades, comparing sulfidic springs versus non-sulfidic habitats. The site(clade × H2S)-term was designated a random effect in all models. F-ratios in the MANCOVAs were approximated using Wilks’ values, partial variance was estimated using Wilks’ partial η 2, and terms with a partial variance at least half as strong as the strongest effect are given in bold for each model. Asterisks indicate terms that were tested using the mixed-model approach (see text)

From: Extremophile Poeciliidae: multivariate insights into the complexity of speciation along replicated ecological gradients

Effect

F

df

P

Partial variance

Relative variance

(a) SL (ANOVA)

Sex

817.5

1, 708

< 0.001

0.127

0.516

Clade

5.0

3, 6

0.044

0.246

1.000

H2S

2.7

1, 6

0.15

0.052

0.211

Site(Clade × H 2 S)

17.2

6, 708

< 0.001

0.127

0.516

Sex × Clade

5.8

3, 708

0.001

0.024

0.098

Sex × H2S

8.5

1, 708

0.004

0.012

0.049

Sex × Clade × H2S

30.5

3, 708

< 0.001

0.114

0.463

(b) Adult life histories (MANCOVA)

SL

2211.5

3, 702

< 0.001

0.904

1.000

Sex

513.3

3, 702

< 0.001

0.687

0.760

Clade*

41.3

6, 1342

< 0.001

0.147

0.163

H2S*

3.4

2, 1121

0.0342

0.161

0.178

Site(Clade × H2S)

17.8

18, 1986

< 0.001

0.132

0.146

Clade × H2S*

8.5

6, 1342

< 0.001

0.096

0.106

SL × Clade

1.5

9, 1708.6

0.007

0.011

0.012

Sex × Clade

4.1

9, 1708.6

< 0.001

0.017

0.019

Sex × H2S

15.5

3, 702

< 0.001

0.062

0.069

Sex × Clade × H2S

7.3

9, 1708.6

< 0.001

0.030

0.033

(c) Offspring-related life histories (MANCOVA)

SL

69.9

3, 395

< 0.001

0.347

0.569

Stage of Development

16.0

3, 395

< 0.001

0.108

0.177

Clade*

22.3

6, 934

< 0.001

0.297

0.488

H 2 S

54.6

2, 771

< 0.001

0.609

1.000

Site(Clade × H2S)

24.9

18, 1117.7

< 0.001

0.272

0.447

Clade × H2S*

5.2

6, 934

< 0.001

0.124

0.203

SL × Clade

5.4

9, 961.5

< 0.001

0.039

0.065

SL × H2S

3.4

3, 395

0.019

0.025

0.041

SL × Clade × H2S

2.0

9, 961.5

0.038

0.015

0.024

Stage × Clade

3.4

9, 961.5

0.0004

0.025

0.041

Stage × H2S

2.9

3, 395

0.034

0.022

0.036

Stage × Clade × H2S

2.4

9, 961.5

0.011

0.018

0.029

(d) Body shape (MANCOVA)

Centroid size

125.0

7, 898

< 0.001

0.512

0.651

Sex

129.8

7, 898

< 0.001

0.504

0.640

Clade*

226.8

18, 4227

< 0.001

0.787

1.000

H 2 S*

22.3

6, 2809

< 0.001

0.403

0.513

Site(Clade × H2S)

13.2

63, 5063.7

< 0.001

0.160

0.204

Clade × H2S*

19.4

18, 4227

< 0.001

0.297

0.378