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Fig. 5 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 5

From: The evolution of heat shock protein sequences, cis-regulatory elements, and expression profiles in the eusocial Hymenoptera

Fig. 5

Relative fold change in gene expression (+/− SD) for four non-inducible Hsps in A. picea and P. barbatus across different temperature treatment. Relative expression of hsc70-5 (a), hsc70-3 (b), hsp60 (c), and l(2)efl (d) were normalized to the 18 s rRNA and β-actin and 18 s rRNA and GAPDH for A. picea (N = 4 per treatment) and P. barbatus (N = 3 per treatment), respectively

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