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Table 1 Philanthine species included in the comparative morphological study

From: Comparative morphology of the postpharyngeal gland in the Philanthinae (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) and the evolution of an antimicrobial brood protection mechanism

Species

N

Country

Fixative

3D

Aphilanthops frigidus

2

USA

AAF

yes

Clypeadon laticinctus

3

USA

AAF

yes

Cerceris arenaria

2

Germany

Bouin

yes

Cerceris quinquefasciata

3

Germany

AAF

yes

Philanthinus quattuordecimpunctatus

3

Turkey

EtOH

yes

Trachypus flavidus

1

Brazil

EtOH

yes

Trachypus elongatus

3

Brazil

AAF

yes

Trachypus patagonensis

1

Brazil

AAF

no

Trachypus boharti

3

Brazil

AAF

yes

Philanthus venustus

1

Turkey

AAF

yes

Philanthus coronatus

1

Germany

Bouin

yes

Philanthus triangulum

3

Germany

Bouin

no

Philanthus triangulum diadema

3

South Africa

AAF

yes

Philanthus capensis

1

South Africa

AAF

yes

Philanthus loefflingi

3

South Africa

AAF

yes

Philanthus rugosus

3

South Africa

AAF

yes

Philanthus melanderi

1

South Africa

AAF

yes

Philanthus bicinctus

1

USA

Bouin

yes

Philanthus ventilabris

2

USA

AAF

yes

Philanthus crabroniformis

1

USA

AAF

no

Philanthus multimaculatus

1

USA

AAF

yes

Philanthus barbiger

2

USA

AAF

yes

Philanthus gibbosus

3

USA

Bouin

yes

Philanthus albopilosus

2

USA

Bouin

yes

Philanthus psyche

2

USA

AAF

yes

Philanthus pulcher

1

USA

AAF

no

  1. List of species included in the comparative morphological study of head glands of female Philanthinae, including information on the number of specimens examined (N), collection site of the species (Country), the fixative agent used for the histological preparation (Fixative; AAF = formalin-ethanol-acetic acid; Bouin = alcoholic Bouin; EtOH = 100 % ethanol), and whether a 3D-reconstruction of the head glands was conducted (3D; yes = 3D-reconstruction; no = glands not reconstructed)