Lineage | Time (myr) | SE | Fission/Fusions | Â | R (changes/myr) | Â | Comments |
---|
 |  |  |  | Lower |  | Upper |  |
---|
PGA to PA | 1.7006 | 3.4345 | 1 | −0.5756 | 0.5880 | 0.1947 | Stasis |
PA to PiA | 3.9046 | 3.1613 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Stasis |
PiA to L/M | 0.6135 | 2.9292 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Stasis |
L/M to M | 3.0248 | 2.8037 | 1 | 4.5228 | 0.3306 | 0.1715 | variable |
L/M to L | 10.1032 | 1.2038 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Stasis |
PiA to T | 6.2324 | 2.7562 | 39 | 11.22 | 6.26 | 4.34 | Evolution |
T to TSA/TBI | 12.6332 | 1.7908 | 0 – 1 | 0 – 0.0922 | 0 – 0.0791 | 0-0.0693 | Stasis |
PGA to GA | 7.786 | 3.3742 | 2 | 0.4533 | 0.2568 | 0.1792 | Stasis |
GA to Aa
| 4.6205 | 3.2150 | 14 | 9.9609 | 3.03 | 1.7867 | Evolution |
A to ACA/AGEa
| 6.7802 | 2.0390 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Stasis |
- The time used corresponds to specific internodal distances in million years (myr) and the lower and upper values of R were calculated using the standard errors for the divergence time of each branch (SE). The two species of Tonatia as well as all Anoura species have the same karyotype
-
Abbreviations as follows: Phyllostominae + Glossophaginae ancestor (PGA), Phyllostominae ancestor (PA), Glossophaginae ancestor (GA); Phyllostomini ancestor (PiA); Lophostoma + Mimon ancestor (L/M); genus Lophostoma (L), genus Mimon (M); genus Tonatia (T); genus Anoura (A); Tonatia bidens (TBI); Tonatia saurophila (TSA); Anoura caudifer (ACA); Anoura geoffroyii (AGE). The date estimates of the branches marked with an a were derived from RAG2 sequence data only.