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Fig. 4 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 4

From: Dynamic karyotype evolution and unique sex determination systems in Leptidea wood white butterflies

Fig. 4

Localization of H3 histone gene clusters in spread chromosome preparations of three Leptidea species by FISH with H3 gene probe. Chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Arrows indicate hybridization signals of the H3 probe (red); asterisks show DAPI-positive blocks of heterochromatin. a Mitotic metaphase of L. reali female; the inset in the upper right corner shows the pachytene H3 cluster-carrying bivalent. Figures (b–e) show intraspecific variability in the location of H3 histone gene clusters in L. sinapis: (b) mitotic metaphase of male larva; the inset shows the pachytene bivalent carrying a cluster of H3 genes; (c) mitotic metaphase of another male from the same offspring; the inset shows the pachytene bivalent carrying a cluster of H3 genes; (d) pachytene trivalent observed in the female offspring of another female (schematic drawing shows the structure of the trivalent and positions of two H3 clusters); (e) female mitotic metaphase of the same individual. Figures (f–i) show intraspecific variability in the location of H3 histone gene clusters in L. juvernica: (f) male mitotic metaphase with three hybridization signals, observed in the vast majority of L. juvernica larvae; (g) pachytene tetravalent of the same individual (schematic drawing shows the structure of the tetravalent and positions of three H3 clusters); (h) mitotic metaphase with four hybridization signals found in one male offspring of another female; (i) pachytene tetravalent with three hybridization signals (see schematic drawing in g) and bivalent with the fourth hybridization signal located at the end of one homologue. Scale bars = 10 μm; except for (f) all images have the same scale

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