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Table 1 Hypotheses and predictions

From: The population genetics of wild chimpanzees in Cameroon and Nigeria suggests a positive role for selection in the evolution of chimpanzee subspecies

Models of population history

Patterns of genetic differentiation

Demographic history

mtDNA

Microsatellites

Panmixia

One cluster of haplotypes spanning entire study region; Majority of genetic variation found between individuals

No evidence of discernable population structure into k > 2 demes

All individuals equally divergent from one another

Isolation-by-distance

Positive linear relationship between genetic and geographic distance

Positive linear relationship between genetic and geographic distance

Populations closer to one another share a more recent relationship than those more distant for one another

Population structure with complete isolation

Haplotypes cluster into discrete and geographically distinct groups

Individuals cluster into discrete, geographically distinct groups

No evidence of recent migration between populations, but ancestral polymorphism may still be present

Population structure with ongoing migration

Haplotypes cluster into geographically distinct groups with overlap

Individuals cluster into geographically distinct groups with some individuals showing evidence of admixture

Evidence of recent migration between populations that is distinguishable from ancestral polymorphism