Figure 1From: The effect of three environmental conditions on the fitness of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated permethrin resistance in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatusP450 R allele frequency in three environmental conditions through 12 generations. Frequencies of the P450-mediated detoxification R allele monitored through time in three environmental conditions: standard laboratory rearing, temephos exposure and cold temperature. Results are the averages of the four replicates for each environment. Bars are the S.E.M. Different letters indicate statistical differences (p < 0.05) between means.Back to article page