Figure 3

Bayesian skyline plots showing demographic histories of earliest settlers' component. The thick solid line is the median estimate, and the grey area overlay show the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) limits. Panel 'A'- The Bayesian skyline plot (m = 10) for India total, derived from complete mtDNA sequences (n = 76). Panel 'B'- The Bayesian skyline plot (m = 10) for India total, derived from coding region (577–16023) mtDNA sequences (n = 76). The time estimates (yBP) were calculated as per [16]. For comparison, the cold and arid period around the Last Glacial Maximum are also indicated on panel A & B. Panel 'C to F' shows Bayesian skyline plots (m = 10) derived from complete mtDNA sequences of eastern (n = 11), central (n = 29), southern (n = 14) and western (n = 22) regions of India respectively.