Figure 3
From: The evolution of competition and policing: opposing selection within and among groups
Change in frequency (Δu) of a 'policing' policing allele due to selection within and among groups. The sum of selection within and among groups equals the total change in allele frequency (Δu total). The policing allele has an additive effect (aa) of 0.2, and a cost (c) of 0.2. The population begins with no baseline level of policing (a0 = 0) and a 0.8 level of competition (z). q* as a function of the base-line level of competition (z0) and the additive