Figure 9
The MVS representation of a branching pattern. The distance Do, cbetween o and c is given by the inner product, Si, j(o), of two spatial vectors, Ro, i and Ro, jin MVS (Fig. 9a). The branching pattern of Fig. 9b and corresponding MVS representation of Fig. 9c in terms of S11, i(o) and S14, i(o). Here, the triplet of probes o = 1, a = 11, and b = 14 were used. The endpoints (8, 9), 10, 12, and 13 are degenerated into the positions of the nodes 2,3,7, and 5, respectively. When the pairwise differences satisfy orthogonality, the scatter plots are placed on the orthogonal lines A, B and C. Convergent evolution between the two branches (3→ 10) and (7→ 11) underestimates the pairwise difference between 10 and 11, causing a deviation of point 10 from the orthogonal line A, which moves it to the position of the triangle.