High lability of sexual system over 250 million years of evolution in morphologically conservative tadpole shrimps

Table 1 Notostraca sexual system information

STU	Sex ratio	Reproduction in isolation	Ovotestis	Sexual system	References
T. baeticus	> 45			Gonochoric	[36]
T. cancriformis	0 – 53*	Yes**	Yes**	Gonochoric/AD	[26, 31, 40, 43, 44]
T. cf. australiensis sp. 1				No data
T. cf. australiensis sp. 2				No data
T. cf. australiensis sp. 3				No data
T. cf. australiensis sp. A	> 45		No	Gonochoric	[45]
T. cf. australiensis sp. B	< 30		Yes	AD	[45]
T. emeritensis	>45			Gonochoric	[36]
T. gadensis	36			Equivocal	[36]
T. cf. granarius (Japan)	> 45	No		Gonochoric	[26, 44, 46, 47]
T. cf. granarius (Namibia)	Even***	No		Gonochoric	[26, 37, 44]
T. cf. granarius (Tunisia)	Even***	No		Gonochoric	[26, 37, 44]
T. cf. granarius (Russia)				No data
T. cf. longicaudatus sp. 1	> 45			Gonochoric	[32]
T. cf. longicaudatus sp.2	0 – 68*		Yes**	Gonochoric/AD	[32, 48, 49]
T. cf. mauritanicus (E Spain)				No data
T. mauritanicus				No data
T. newberryi	< 30	Yes		AD	[32, 48, 50]
T. simplex	> 45			Gonochoric	[38]
T. vicentinus	> 45			Gonochoric	[36, 51]
L. apus	< 45		Yes	AD	[26, 40, 44, 52–55]
L. arcticus	<45		Yes	AD	[26, 40, 44, 54, 56–58]
L. bilobatus	35			Equivocal
L. cf. couesii (Apulia)				No data
L. cf. couesii (Sardinia)	>45			Gonochoric	[59]
L. couesii (Canada)	>45			Gonochoric	[60]
L. cryptus				No data
L. lemmoni	>45			Gonochoric	[56, 61]
L. lubbocki	>45		No	Gonochoric	[62, 63]
L. packardi	>45			Gonochoric	[64]

Sex ratio (percent male), ability of ovisac bearing individuals to reproduce in isolation and the presence or absence of ovotestis in ovisac bearing individuals is shown. See Table S5 for detailed information.
* Depending on population. ** Only in populations where sex ratio is < 30%. *** Reported gonochoric with even sex ratio, exact numbers not given.

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