Figure 4

Coexistence of metabolic replicators and a parasitic one as the function of replicator diffusion ( D ), metabolic ( h ) and replication ( r ) neighbourhood size. The panels of the figure differ in the number of diffusion steps per generation: Panel A: D = 0, Panel B: D = 1, Panel C: D = 4 and Panel D: D = 100. x- and y-axes are the sizes of metabolic neighbourhoods (h) and replication neighbourhoods (r) respectively (N: von Neumann neighbourhood; 3: 3×3, 5: 5×5, 7: 7×7, 25: 25×25 and 37: 37×37 Moore neighbourhoods). The grayscale shades correspond to average replicator densities (%) on the whole grid at the end of the simulations (i.e., for t = 1.000). The numbers within panels indicate coexistent/extinct replicate simulations out of the five repetitions with the same parameter set and different pseudo-random number sequences. The third number is the number of replicate simulations in which the parasite died out.